Literature cited

Akre, R. D., A. Greene, J. F. MacDonald, P. J. Landolt and H.G. Davis. 1980.
Yellowjackets of American North of Mexico. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 552.

Archer, M. E. 1982.
A revision of the subgenus Rugovespula nov. of the genus Vespula (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Kontyu 50:261- 269.

Bequaert, J. 1928.
A study of certain types of diplopterous wasps in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Nature History 10: 138- 176.

Bequaert, J. 1931.
A tentative synopsis of the hornets and yellow-jackets (Vespinae; Hymenoptera) of America. Entomologica Americana 12: 71- 138.

Bland, R. G. and H. E. Jaques. 1978.
How to Know the Insects. Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers, Dubuque.

Bohart, R. M. and R. C. Bechtel. 1957.
The social wasps of California (Vespinae, Polistinae, Polybiinae). California Insect Survey Bulletin 4:73- 101.

Borror, D. J., C. A. Triplehorn and N. F. Johnson. 1989.
An Introduction to the Study of Insects. Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth. Sixth edition.

Bradley, J. C. 1922.
The taxonomy of the masarid wasps, including a monograph on the North American species. University of California Publications in Entomology 1: 369- 464.

Brothers, D. J. and J. M. Carpenter. 1993.
Phylogeny of Aculeata: Chrysidoidea and Vespoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 2:227- 304.

Brothers, D. J. and A. T. Finnamore. 1993.
Superfamily Vespoidea. in Hymenoptera of the World. H. Goulet and J. T. Huber [Eds.] Agriculture Canada.

Carpenter, J. M. 1982.
The Phylogenetic relationships and natural classification of the Vespoidea (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 7: 11- 38.

Carpenter, J. M. 1987a.
On "Evolutionary genetics of social wasps" and the phylogeny of the Vespinae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Insectes Sociaux 34: 58- 64.

Carpenter, J. M. 1987b.
Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Vespinae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae).Systematic Entomology 12: 413- 431.

Carpenter, J. M. 1992.
Distances, assumptions and social wasps. Cladistics 8: 155- 160.

Ebeling, W. 1975.
Urban Entomology. University of California division of agricultural sciences.

Greene, A. 1979.
Behavioral characters as indicators of yellowjacket phylogeny (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 72: 614- 619.

Greene, A. and D. M. Caron. 1980.
The common names of social wasps. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 26: 126- 130.

Goulet, H. and J. T. Huber. 1993.
Hymenoptera of the World: an Identification Guide to Families. Agriculture Canada. Research Branch.

MacDonald, J. F. and R. D. Akre. 1984.
Range extension and emergence of subterranean nesting by the German yellowjacket, Vespula germanica, in North America (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Entomological News 95:5- 8.

MacDonald, J. F. and M. A. Deyrup. 1989.
The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Indiana. The Great Lakes Entomologist 22:155- 175.

MacDonald J. F. and Matthews, R. W. 1975.
Vespula squamosa: a yellow jacket wasp evolving toward parasitism. Science 190:1003- 1004.

MacDonald J. F. and Matthews, R. W. 1984.
Nesting biology of the southern yellowjacket, Vespula squamosa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): social parasitism and independent founding. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 57: 134- 151.

Matsuura, M. and Yamane, Sk. 1984.
Comparative Ethology of the Vespinae Wasps. Hokkaido University, Sapporo.

Miller, C. D. F. 1961.
Taxonomy and distribution of neartic Vespula. The Canadian Entomologist 93:5- 52.

Quicke, D. L. J. 1993.
Principles and Techniques of Contemporary Taxonomy. Blackie Academic and Professional, London.

Richards, O. W. 1962.
A Revisional Study of the Masarid Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). British Museum (Natural History), London.

Schmitz, J. and R. F. A. Moritz. 1990.
Mitochondrial DNA variation in social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Experientia 46: 1068- 1072.

Spradbery, J. P. 1973.
The Wasps. University of Washington Press, Seattle.

Varvio-Aho, S. L., P. Pamilo and A. Pekkarinen. 1984.
Evolutionary genetics of social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Vesupla). Insectes Sociaux 31: 375- 386.

Wilson, E. O. 1971.
The Insect Societies. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.


Page author: Matthew P. Kweskin kweskm@evergreen.edu
Last modified: 2 Feb 1997